Regulatory

Are Peptides Legal in the European Union? EMA Status

European Medicines Agency (EMA). A neutral, source-grounded reference to how the peptides tracked on Peptide Science Daily are classified. Not legal or medical advice.

Quick answer

Of the 56 peptides tracked by Peptide Science Daily, 16 are approved medicines in the European Union, 2 are prescription only or otherwise restricted, 11 are investigational (in clinical trials, not approved), and 27 have an unclear or unlisted status. A peptide is a legal medicine in the European Union only where it holds approval or authorisation for use there; the rest are not approved medicines.

How the European Union regulates peptides

In the European Union, medicines are authorised through a system coordinated by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), frequently via the centralised procedure that grants a single marketing authorisation valid across member states. A peptide is a legal medicine in the EU only where it holds such an authorisation.

Peptides without an authorisation are not approved medicines in the EU. National authorities in each member state enforce the rules, so availability and enforcement can differ from one country to another.

The status shown for each compound below reflects its recorded EMA or EU standing. Open any profile for the specific, cited regulatory sources.

Official source: EMA (ema.europa.eu)

Status in the European Union (EMA) by compound

Every tracked peptide and its recorded status in this jurisdiction. The colored dot shows the regulatory tone; the text states the specific status. Select a compound for its full profile and cited sources.

Status keyApprovedInvestigationalRestricted / Rx-onlyProhibitedUnclear
  • Abaloparatide

    Synthetic parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP 1-34) analog; osteoanabolic agent

    Approved

    Authorised across the EU (Eladynos) for postmenopausal osteoporosis, December 2022, following an earlier 2018 refusal.

  • Afamelanotide

    Synthetic linear analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH); melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) agonist ([Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH, NDP-MSH)

    Approved

    Authorised in 2014 as Scenesse for the prevention of phototoxicity in adult patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.

  • Desmopressin

    Synthetic vasopressin V2-receptor agonist analog (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin)

    Approved

    Authorized nationally across EU member states (not via a centralized EMA marketing authorisation).

  • Dulaglutide

    Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1 analogue fused to a modified human IgG4 Fc fragment)

    Approved

    Authorized (Trulicity) for type 2 diabetes (marketing authorization granted 2014).

  • Exenatide

    Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist; synthetic exendin-4

    Approved

    Authorized: Byetta (2006) and Bydureon (2011) for type 2 diabetes.

  • GHK-Cu

    Copper-binding tripeptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexed with Cu2+); endogenous matrikine; cosmetic ingredient name Copper Tripeptide-1

    Approved

    Permitted cosmetic ingredient (INCI: Copper Tripeptide-1); no medicinal marketing authorisation.

  • Gonadorelin

    Synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH/LHRH); decapeptide identical to endogenous GnRH; GnRH receptor agonist

    Approved

    Gonadorelin has been marketed in European countries through national approvals (as a diagnostic agent and for pulsatile fertility therapy) rather than through a single centralised EMA authorisation.

  • Lanreotide

    Long-acting synthetic somatostatin analog (cyclic octapeptide)

    Approved

    Authorised and marketed in EU member states (nationally authorised; brand Somatuline Autogel).

  • Linaclotide

    Guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) agonist peptide (14 amino acids)

    Approved

    Authorized. Constella (linaclotide) received an EU-wide marketing authorisation in November 2012 for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation in adults.

  • Liraglutide

    Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (acylated GLP-1 analogue)

    Approved

    Authorized: Victoza (2009) for type 2 diabetes and Saxenda (2015) for weight management.

  • Octreotide

    Synthetic somatostatin analog (octapeptide); inhibitor of growth hormone and gastroenteropancreatic hormone secretion

    Approved

    Authorised and marketed in EU member states (nationally authorised; brand Sandostatin).

  • Semaglutide

    Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist

    Approved

    Authorized - Ozempic and Rybelsus for type 2 diabetes and Wegovy for weight management.

  • Setmelanotide

    Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist

    Approved

    Authorized. Marketing authorisation valid throughout the EU since 16 July 2021 for weight management in patients 6 years and older with obesity due to POMC, PCSK1 or LEPR deficiency, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

  • Teduglutide

    Recombinant glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog

    Approved

    Authorized. Revestive (teduglutide) received an EU-wide marketing authorisation in August 2012 for short bowel syndrome.

  • Teriparatide

    Recombinant human parathyroid hormone fragment PTH(1-34); bone-forming (anabolic) osteoporosis agent

    Approved

    Authorised as Forsteo on 10 June 2003 (Eli Lilly Nederland B.V.) for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, men at increased fracture risk, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Teriparatide biosimilars are also authorised.

  • Tirzepatide

    Dual agonist of the GIP and GLP-1 receptors (incretin-based metabolic peptide)

    Approved

    Authorized (Mounjaro) for type 2 diabetes and weight management (marketing authorization granted September 2022).

  • Cagrilintide

    Long-acting amylin (and calcitonin) receptor agonist / amylin analogue

    Investigational

    Not authorized; investigational, no marketing authorization.

  • Elamipretide

    Mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (cardiolipin-binding Szeto-Schiller peptide)

    Investigational

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not authorised as a medicine in the EU.

  • Follistatin

    Endogenous activin-binding glycoprotein; myostatin/activin antagonist (studied as recombinant protein and via gene therapy, e.g., FS-344)

    Investigational

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • GHRP-2

    Synthetic growth hormone secretagogue; ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist; growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP)

    Investigational

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • GHRP-6

    Synthetic growth hormone secretagogue; ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist; first-described growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide (His-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys)

    Investigational

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Hexarelin

    Synthetic growth hormone secretagogue; ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist; growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) hexapeptide

    Investigational

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Kisspeptin

    Reproductive neuropeptide; KISS1 gene product and endogenous agonist of the kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R/GPR54); upstream stimulator of GnRH neurons

    Investigational

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Mazdutide

    Dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors; a synthetic oxyntomodulin analogue

    Investigational

    Not authorized; investigational, no marketing authorization.

  • Orforglipron

    Oral small-molecule (non-peptide) agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor

    Investigational

    Not authorized; no marketing authorization at this time.

  • Retatrutide

    Triple agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors (investigational incretin/metabolic peptide)

    Investigational

    Not authorized; investigational, no marketing authorization.

  • Survodutide

    Dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors (investigational metabolic peptide)

    Investigational

    Not authorized; investigational, no marketing authorization.

  • Lixisenatide

    Short-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (exendin-4 based incretin mimetic)

    Restricted / Rx-only

    Authorised as Lyxumia on 1 February 2013 for type 2 diabetes. The marketing authorisation was withdrawn on 18 December 2025 at Sanofi's request for commercial reasons. The insulin glargine combination Suliqua remains authorised.

  • Melanotan II

    Synthetic cyclic analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH); non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist

    Restricted / Rx-only

    No EU marketing authorisation. Melanotan II is an unlicensed product; European medicines regulators, including the UK's MHRA, have issued public safety warnings, and its sale is illegal in the UK.

  • Amycretin

    Unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor co-agonist

    Unclear

    Not authorized. Investigational; no EU marketing authorisation.

  • AOD-9604

    Modified C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone (tyrosine-modified hGH 176-191); lipolytic peptide

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorization; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Argireline

    Topical cosmetic peptide (Acetyl Hexapeptide-8); SNAP-25 N-terminal fragment mimetic

    Unclear

    Permitted as a cosmetic ingredient (INCI: Acetyl Hexapeptide-8) under EU cosmetics regulation; no medicinal marketing authorisation.

  • BPC-157

    Synthetic stable gastric pentadecapeptide (15-amino-acid partial sequence derived from a protein in human gastric juice)

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine.

  • CJC-1295

    Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorization; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Dihexa

    Angiotensin IV-derived peptide (metabolically stabilised); investigational nootropic / HGF-Met modulator

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • DSIP

    Delta sleep-inducing peptide; endogenous neuromodulatory nonapeptide (Trp-Ala-Gly-Gly-Asp-Ala-Ser-Gly-Glu)

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Efpeglenatide

    Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (exendin-based, once-weekly)

    Unclear

    Not authorised. No EMA marketing authorization.

  • Epithalon

    Synthetic pineal tetrapeptide bioregulator (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly / AEDG); studied as a telomerase-related peptide

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • FOXO4-DRI

    Senolytic peptide (FOXO4 D-retro-inverso peptide); disrupts the FOXO4-p53 interaction

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Humanin

    Mitochondrial-derived peptide (24-residue; encoded in the mtDNA 16S rRNA region); cytoprotective

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • IGF-1 LR3

    Long-acting insulin-like growth factor-1 analogue (Long R3 IGF-1); recombinant IGF-1 with an Arg3 substitution and a 13-amino-acid N-terminal extension; sold as a laboratory research reagent

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Ipamorelin

    Growth hormone secretagogue; ghrelin (GHS-R1a) receptor agonist (pentapeptide)

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorization; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • KPV

    Tripeptide (Lys-Pro-Val); C-terminal fragment of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH); melanocortin-derived anti-inflammatory peptide

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation.

  • LL-37

    Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (37-residue C-terminal fragment of hCAP18); host-defence peptide

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; investigated only in early clinical studies (for example, wound healing).

  • Maridebart cafraglutide

    Peptide-antibody conjugate with GLP-1 receptor agonist and GIP receptor antagonist activity

    Unclear

    Not authorized. Investigational; no EU marketing authorisation.

  • MOTS-c

    Mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP); AMPK activator / exercise mimetic

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorization; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Petrelintide

    Long-acting amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide) receptor agonist for weight management

    Unclear

    Not authorised. Investigational only.

  • Pramlintide

    Synthetic amylin analog (amylinomimetic)

    Unclear

    Not authorized. Pramlintide does not hold an EMA marketing authorisation and is not marketed in the European Union.

  • PT-141 (Bremelanotide)

    Melanocortin receptor agonist; synthetic cyclic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU (European commercialisation rights licensed to Gedeon Richter were terminated in 2016 and no EU approval followed).

  • Selank

    Synthetic tuftsin analog (heptapeptide, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro); anxiolytic/nootropic neuropeptide

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Semax

    Synthetic ACTH(4-10) analog (heptapeptide, Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro); nootropic/neuroprotective neuropeptide

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Sermorelin

    Synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone comprising its first 29 amino acids (GHRH 1-29); formerly FDA-approved (Geref), later withdrawn from the US market

    Unclear

    No current EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the European Union.

  • TB-500

    Synthetic peptide fragment (Ac-LKKTETQ) corresponding to the actin-binding region of thymosin beta-4; note it is NOT the same molecule as full-length recombinant thymosin beta-4

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation.

  • Tesamorelin

    Synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH); approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; tesamorelin is not an approved medicine in the European Union.

  • Thymalin

    Thymic polypeptide preparation (calf-thymus extract); immunomodulatory bioregulator

    Unclear

    No EMA marketing authorisation; not an approved medicine in the EU.

  • Thymosin Alpha-1

    Synthetic 28-amino-acid thymic peptide (thymalfasin); immunomodulator

    Unclear

    No EMA centralized marketing authorisation; not authorised as a medicine at the EU level.

Regulatory classifications change; entries reflect the status recorded in each compound profile and are provided for reference, not as legal or medical advice.

Common questions

Are peptides legal in the European Union?
It depends on the specific peptide. A peptide is a legal medicine in the European Union only where it holds approval or authorisation for use there. Of the 56 peptides tracked here, 16 are recorded as approved, 2 as prescription only or restricted, and 11 as investigational; the remaining 27 have an unclear or unlisted status. Unapproved peptides are not legal medicines.
Which peptides are approved for use in the European Union?
The following peptides tracked here are recorded as approved or authorised in the European Union: Abaloparatide, Afamelanotide, Desmopressin, Dulaglutide, Exenatide, GHK-Cu, Gonadorelin, Lanreotide, Linaclotide, Liraglutide, Octreotide, Semaglutide, Setmelanotide, Teduglutide, Teriparatide, Tirzepatide. Any tracked peptide not listed here does not have a recorded status of approved in the European Union.

Peptide status in other jurisdictions