GLP-1 & Incretin Peptides

Triple agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors (investigational incretin/metabolic peptide)

Retatrutide is an investigational once-weekly injectable peptide from Eli Lilly that activates three metabolic hormone receptors (GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon). It is not approved by any regulator as of 2026; it is being evaluated in the Phase 3 TRIUMPH program for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related conditions.

Dual agonist of the GIP and GLP-1 receptors (incretin-based metabolic peptide)

Tirzepatide is a once-weekly injectable dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist from Eli Lilly, marketed as Mounjaro (type 2 diabetes) and Zepbound (chronic weight management). It is FDA- and EMA-approved and TGA-registered, supported by the SURPASS (diabetes) and SURMOUNT (obesity) Phase 3 programs.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist from Novo Nordisk, marketed as Ozempic and Rybelsus (type 2 diabetes) and Wegovy (chronic weight management and cardiovascular risk reduction). It is FDA- and EMA-approved and TGA-registered, supported by the SUSTAIN, STEP, and SELECT trial programs.

Long-acting amylin (and calcitonin) receptor agonist / amylin analogue

Cagrilintide is an investigational once-weekly long-acting amylin analogue from Novo Nordisk being studied for weight management, most prominently in a fixed-dose combination with semaglutide called CagriSema. As of 2026 it is not approved by any regulator; a CagriSema new drug application has been filed with the FDA with a decision expected later in 2026.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (acylated GLP-1 analogue)

Liraglutide is a once-daily injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist from Novo Nordisk, marketed as Victoza (type 2 diabetes) and Saxenda (chronic weight management). It is FDA- and EMA-approved and TGA-registered, supported by the LEAD, SCALE, and LEADER trial programs. It is a prescription medicine used under medical supervision.

Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1 analogue fused to a modified human IgG4 Fc fragment)

Dulaglutide is a once-weekly injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist from Eli Lilly, marketed as Trulicity for type 2 diabetes and for cardiovascular risk reduction in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is FDA- and EMA-approved and TGA-registered, supported by the AWARD trial program and the REWIND cardiovascular outcomes trial. It is a prescription medicine used under medical supervision.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist; synthetic exendin-4

Exenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist and a synthetic version of exendin-4, marketed as Byetta (twice daily) and Bydureon (extended-release, once weekly) for type 2 diabetes. It was the first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved (FDA 2005) and is EMA-authorized and TGA-registered; its cardiovascular safety was evaluated in the EXSCEL trial. It is a prescription medicine.

Dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors (investigational metabolic peptide)

Survodutide is an investigational once-weekly GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist being developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma for obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). It is not approved by any regulator as of 2026; it is being evaluated in Phase 3 trials.

Dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors; a synthetic oxyntomodulin analogue

Mazdutide is a once-weekly GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist (an oxyntomodulin analogue) developed by Innovent Biologics, in-licensed from Eli Lilly. It was approved in China by the NMPA in 2025 for chronic weight management and for type 2 diabetes. It is not approved by the FDA, EMA, or Australia's TGA, where it remains investigational.

Oral small-molecule (non-peptide) agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor

Orforglipron is a once-daily oral, non-peptide (small-molecule) GLP-1 receptor agonist from Eli Lilly. The US FDA approved it (brand name Foundayo) in April 2026 for chronic weight management in adults with obesity, or overweight with weight-related conditions. It is not yet approved for type 2 diabetes and is not yet authorized by the EMA or Australia's TGA. It is a prescription medicine used under medical supervision.